Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
COBRA Subsidy Provisions of Economic Stimulus Law
How is COBRA affected under the new law?
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) extends and expands COBRA rights for employees who have lost coverage under employer-sponsored health insurance due to involuntary termination of employment. This expansion includes a premium subsidy for COBRA coverage and for state continuation comparable to COBRA for group plans not subject to federal COBRA. For purposes of this communication, use of the term COBRA will apply to both federal COBRA and state continuation unless otherwise specified. It's important to note that the Act does not define "involuntary termination."
How much is the premium subsidy?
The government subsidy is 65% of the COBRA premium. The remaining 35% of the COBRA premium is the responsibility of the eligible individual.
What are the eligibility requirements?
- Subject to certain income limitations, an individual is eligible for the subsidy if:
- the qualifying event is a covered employee's involuntary termination of employment resulting in a loss of group health insurance coverage, and
- the qualifying event occurs between Sept. 1, 2008 and Dec. 31, 2009, and
- the individual is eligible for and elects COBRA coverage when first eligible on/after Feb. 17, 2009.
- Qualified beneficiaries of the individual’s family are also eligible for the subsidy if the reason for their COBRA eligibility is the employee’s involuntary termination of employment.
- Individuals who elected COBRA due to an involuntary termination on or after Sept. 1, 2008 but before the law’s enactment are eligible to receive the subsidy on a prospective basis.
- Employees who have voluntarily terminated their employment are not eligible for the subsidy.
- Terminated employees who would have been eligible for the subsidy but are not currently receiving COBRA coverage must be provided a special 60-day period to elect coverage.* The 60-day election period begins on the date that the notice of the special election period is provided. While unclear, the special election window may not apply to plans subject only to state continuation requirements.
NOTE: The new special election period does not extend the period of COBRA coverage beyond the original maximum COBRA coverage period (or state health continuation laws).
Who is responsible for payment of the subsidy?
Employers (for insured and self insured group plans that are subject to federal COBRA laws), multiemployer plans (for multi-employer plans) and insurers (for insured plans not subject to federal COBRA laws) are initially responsible for the 65% of premium not paid by the eligible individual. The federal government will reimburse these entities through payroll tax credits.
How will the reimbursements be made to employers, multiemployer plans and health insurers?
The 65% COBRA subsidy will be provided through a payroll tax credit on that appropriate entities’ payroll tax deposit. The entity is permitted to offset some payroll tax liabilities (federal withholding, FICA) with the amount of the subsidy. However, if the subsidy exceeds the entity’s payroll tax liabilities, the entity will receive a refund. The amount of the subsidy is based on the actual amount an individual must pay for COBRA. If an employer is paying for a portion of the COBRA premium, this amount must be deducted before calculating the 35% of premium owed by the individual and the 65% subsidy that can be claimed.
The rules governing the timing of tax deposits and requesting the subsidy without exposing the entity to tax penalties are complicated and warrant further analysis by tax/payroll advisors. However, in general the Act provides that any overstatement of a COBRA premium reimbursement is a tax violation.
Are there any reporting requirements for the employer/insurer?
Any entity that is being reimbursed through payroll tax credits for the premium subsidy is required to submit reports to the Secretary of Treasury including:**
- An attestation of the involuntary termination of employment for each employee who has elected the COBRA coverage with the subsidy
- A report of the amount of payroll taxes offset for a given reporting period and an estimate of such offsets for the next reporting period
- A report of the tax payer identification number (i.e., social security number) for each employee for whom a subsidy is claimed, the amount of subsidy reimbursed for each covered employee/qualified beneficiary, and a designation indicating whether the subsidy reimbursement was for single coverage or family coverage (two or more individuals)
** Provided at the same intervals as the deposits of the payroll taxes would have been required without the offset (or as otherwise specified by the Secretary of Treasury).
What type of COBRA coverage is eligible for the subsidy?
- The subsidy is available for COBRA coverage that is otherwise available under a group health plan that is subject to ERISA and the Code.
- The subsidy applies not only to federal COBRA coverage, but also to state continuation coverage that provides “comparable” continuation coverage.***
- The subsidy does not apply to healthcare flexible spending accounts.
- Coverage under a health reimbursement account is eligible for the subsidy (only for plans subject to federal COBRA requirements).
*** The Act provides no definition for “comparable” state continuation laws. Treasury may issue future guidance.
What is the effective date of the subsidy?
- The subsidy applies beginning with the first period of COBRA coverage after the Act was signed. This will generally be March 1, 2009.
- In the event that a terminated employee has paid 100% of his/her COBRA premium during the first 60 days after enactment, the employer (or insurer, if applicable), may either:
- Reimburse the individual for 65% of the premium paid; or
- Provide a credit for such amount to offset future premiums (subject to certain terms/conditions)
How long is the subsidy available?
Generally, the subsidy terminates with the first month beginning the earlier of:
- The date that is nine (9) months from the first day of the month that the subsidy applies (e.g., if the subsidy is available beginning March 1, 2009, it would last through Nov. 30, 2009);
- The end of the period of required continuation coverage; or
- The date the individual becomes eligible for Medicare or other employer-sponsored health insurance.
How will an employer (or insurer, if applicable) know when an individual is no longer eligible for the subsidy due to eligibility for coverage under other employer-sponsored health insurance or Medicare?
Such individual is required to notify the employer/insurer of eligibility for the other coverage and will be penalized by the IRS (110% of the subsidy) for failing to notify the employer/insurer.
Are there any involuntarily terminated employees who are not eligible for the subsidy?
- Individuals with a modified adjusted gross income greater than $145,000 (single) or $290,000 (joint filings) are not entitled to any subsidy.
- Individuals with a modified adjusted gross income between $125,000 and $145,000 (single) or $250,000 and $290,000 (joint filings) are not entitled to the full subsidy, but rather a subsidy that is reduced proportionately.
- The responsibility for enforcing this eligibility based on income will fall on the former employee. At the end of the calendar year, if the individual’s modified adjusted gross income is above the threshold, the mechanism to repay the subsidy is to increase the taxpayer’s income tax liability for the year equal the amount of the subsidy.
- Terminated employees are permitted to permanently waive the subsidy for all periods of coverage by requesting the employer/insurer not claim the subsidy on their behalf.
How are individuals who may be eligible for the subsidy going to be notified?
- The notice of COBRA continuation currently required must now contain additional information. Within 30 days of the enactment of the Act, the Department of Labor (DOL) is required to provide a new model COBRA notice that will include the additional information.
- In addition, either the above notice or a stand-alone special election COBRA notice must be provided within 60 days of the law’s enactment to all individuals who have become eligible for COBRA since Sept. 1, 2008.
- Violations of the new notice requirements will be considered a violation of the existing COBRA notice requirements (and subject to the same penalties).
- The notice must be provided by employers (for insured and self insured group plans that are subject to federal COBRA laws) and multiemployer plans (for multi-employer plans). It is not yet clear who has responsibility to provide the notice to employees eligible for state continuation coverage that is comparable to federal COBRA. The DOL, Treasury, and Health and Human Services (HHS) will provide rules regarding the notice for these individuals but does not indicate if insurers or former employers will be responsible for providing the notice.
Are there rights for individuals to appeal denied subsidy requests?
Yes. Appeal rights are available to those who believe that they have been incorrectly denied COBRA subsidy rights by submitting an appeal to the DOL or HHS. The DOL and HHS have 15 days to review the request.
Are there penalties for non-compliance?
Yes. Failure to provide modified COBRA election notices will be treated as a failure to meet the notice requirements under COBRA (i.e., failure to send timely COBRA election notices that comply with the new requirements could subject the employer or plan to a penalty of up to $110 per day under ERISA. Failure to comply with the new election notices also could result in adverse tax consequences under the Code (e.g., excise tax penalties per day per notice if the plan administrator fails to comply with COBRA).
Where can I gather more information on the new COBRA provisions?
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas expects additional clarifications to the subsidy provisions. We're monitoring guidance and will keep you apprised of significant updates.
You can find additional information at these two Web sites:
- Back -